Manual machining is no longer used in the manufacturing industry. In the era of automation, the production of parts depends extensively on various machines. Whether it is about drilling or grinding, machines offer incredible precision and accuracy. It is commonly called CNC machining. The technology is highly acknowledged for its ability to produce complex product designs.
The constant development and innovation in the manufacturing industry have led to the extensive popularity of CNC machining services. It is a combination of multiple processes to accomplish the desired object with the required specifications. From automotive parts to fine jewelry, today, CNC machining is implemented across diverse sectors.
In this post, we will learn about the fundamentals of CNC machining and how it has become an integral part of the manufacturing industry. So, let’s begin.
An Introduction to CNC Machining
CNC machining, or computer numerical control machining, involves the operation of various CNC machines through a microcomputer. The microcomputer controls a CNC device, like mills, lathes, grinders, etc., through precise instructions to obtain the designed product. In contrast to the traditional manufacturing process, where machines are operated manually, CNC machining is fully automated, aiding better accuracy and surface finish.
A CNC machine generally works upon the instructions of a CAD or CAM file where the object specifications are rendered into applicable commands. It means that your CNC device will function as per the pre-programmed design file. What is the result? You receive unerring parts regardless of the design complexity.
How Does CNC Machining Work?
CNC machining is a complex, subtractive manufacturing procedure demanding comprehensive skills and knowledge about the operation of various tools. The process involves the following stages:
- CAD Designing- A 2D or 3D design of the desired model is created in the CAD format. The CAD design is translated into actionable commands when imported into the CNC device. Therefore, the CAD model must be accurate and precise to accomplish error-free results. It features the specifications of the model, including construction lines, tolerance, etc., required for optimal machine performance. CNC machining companies consider CAD designing the key to achieving precise parts exhibiting excellent surface finish.
- Design Conversion- Though you create a CAD file of the design, CNC machines require a CNC-compatible format to understand the commands. Hence, the CAD file is converted to CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) format for the operation of a CNC machine.
- Configuration- Since there are multiple CNC tools, you have to choose the ideal one that will meet your workpiece requirements. After determining the machine, configure it to the necessary settings depending on parameters like speed, complexity, tolerance, etc.
- Machining- The required cutting tools are attached to the machine, and the process begins. The machine will work based on the CAM file. There is minimal post-processing, and the final product goes through numerous quality checks.
Types of CNC Techniques
As mentioned, CNC machining utilizes various tools and techniques to obtain the desired product design. Check them out:
- Milling- The CNC milling machine uses various cutting tools rotating on axes to provide the required shape to the object. It removes material and offers features like groves, rings, threads, etc. Milling is the most common technique used in the CNC machining service.
- Turning- In this process, the workpiece is horizontally placed, and various cutting tools are used to remove material while rotating it along axes. The technique not only produces parts and prototypes but also creates molds for pressure die casting or plastic injection molding.
- Grinding- CNC grinding is used to achieve objects with an impeccably smooth surface finish. The grinding tool precisely removes material through cutting.
- Laser Cutters- A CNC laser cutter machine creates immensely precise cuts on a material sheet using a focused laser beam.
Other popular CNC machining techniques are- plasma cutters, electric discharge machines, and waterjet cutters.
Applications of CNC Machining
CNC machining has broad-spectrum applications across various industries. These are:
- Defence and Aerospace- Since CNC machining processes produce high-quality performance parts, it is extensively used in manufacturing engine components, turbine blades, aircraft internal elements, etc. With tight tolerances and superior detailing, the parts possess outstanding mechanical and physical properties.
- Automotive Industry- Material consistency and accuracy are significant aspects of CNC machined parts and prototypes. It makes them ideal for producing a wide range of automobile parts that can sustain high temperatures and are abrasion-resistant.
- Electronics Industry- CNC machining allows material diversity, enabling the production of electrical components like copper wires, cables, circuit patterns, and others. The ability to fabricate intensely precise dimensions with excellent surface finish has made CNC machining popular in the electronics industry.
- Medical Devices- From prosthetics to surgical instruments, a large scale of medical tools and devices are manufactured through CNC machining. Micromachining with extensive customizations ensures the production of critical components in the medical sector.
- Design and Architecture- Do not be surprised if we say that CNC machining is exceptionally preferred to create conceptual designs and building layouts because it can effortlessly produce parts with complex geometries.
To conclude, CNC machining is an advanced manufacturing technology enabling the rapid and efficient production of parts and prototypes, posing immaculate precision and performance.
